Jessica Almqvist is Senior Researcher and Lecturer in Public International Law at the Autónoma University in Madrid and Research Fellow at the Elcano Royal Institute. Ph.D. in law European University Institute (2002) and Jur. Cand. Lund University (1993). Previous research positions held at the Center on International Cooperation based at New York University, Foundation for International Relations and External Dialogue in Madrid, and Center for Political and Constitutional Studies (CEPC), also in Madrid. Has taught at the New School for Social Research, NYU Law School, CEPC, Spanish Diplomatic School, China-EU School of Law, Global Institute for Higher Studies in Santo Domingo, and the Ortega & Gasset Institute in Madrid. Published books, articles and policy-papers on the role of courts in protecting human rights in times of diversity, while fighting terrorism and in transitions to democracy. Her recent research focuses on international responses to failures to protect civilians in asymmetric wars.